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How do I see if the Instance Count is appropriate?

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A good starting point for instance count analysis in production systems (test use is usually not representative) is a view of the ArcGIS Server Services statistics.

Open ArcCatalog and navigate to GIS Servers

Connect to you local ArcGIS Server

Right-click the connection and go to Server Properties

Switch to tab Statistics

Choose the Service from Host you want to analyze

Choose the interval since last instance change

Press Show Statistics button

 

ArcGIs Server Statistics

ArcGIs Server Statistics

 

Have a look at the average usage time (Service Usage Time section) and average wait time (Service Wait Time section).

We would recommend an increase of the minimum instances by 1 if the average wait time is longer than 500ms and a decreasing by 1 if it is shorter than 100ms.

We recommend not to increase or decrease by more than one instance at a time and always have a representative time span to reanalyze the changes. This way side effects (e.g. impact on other services) can be minimized.